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	<title>Ex©lusive Rights &#187; Software</title>
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	<description>A copyright law blog covering litigation, policy and academia</description>
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		<title>CAD software user interface copyrightable as a compilation of public domain elements</title>
		<link>http://senlawoffice.com/exclusiverights/2010/02/cad-software-user-interface-copyrightable-as-a-compilation-of-public-domain-elements/</link>
		<comments>http://senlawoffice.com/exclusiverights/2010/02/cad-software-user-interface-copyrightable-as-a-compilation-of-public-domain-elements/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Feb 2010 16:36:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shourin Sen</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Noncopyrightable Material]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Originality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scenes a Faire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Software]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unfair Competition]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.exclusiverights.net/?p=3208</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Real View, LLC v. 20-20 Technologies, Inc., 2010 WL 455459 (D. Mass. 2010) Real View and 20-20 Technologies sold competing CAD software that enabled consumers to model kitchens. 20-20 sent Real View a cease-and-desist letter, which Real View responded to by filing a complaint seeking a declaratory judgment that it has not infringed 20-20&#8242;s copyrights. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>Real View, LLC v. 20-20 Technologies, Inc., 2010 WL 455459 (<a href="http://www.exclusiverights.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Real-View-LLC-v.-20-20-Technologies-Inc.pdf">D. Mass. 2010</a>)</span></p>
<div><span>Real View and 20-20 Technologies sold competing CAD software that enabled consumers to model kitchens. 20-20 sent Real View a cease-and-desist letter, which Real View responded to by filing a complaint seeking a declaratory judgment that it has not infringed 20-20&#8242;s copyrights. 20-20 filed counterclaims for copyright infringement, trade dress infringement, unfair competition, intentional interference with advantageous relations, and violations of Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 93A. </span></div>
<div><span><br />
</span></div>
<div><span>The District Court of Massachusetts (Saris, J.)  held a preliminary hearing to determine whether 20-20 Design contained expression that merited copyright protection, and if so, which parts. The Court&#8217;s decision is interesting for its attempt to synthesize the </span>&#8220;abstraction, filtration, comparison&#8221; test, adopted by the Second Circuit in <a href="http://www.bitlaw.com/source/cases/copyright/altai.html">Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.</a>, 982 F.2d 693 (2d Cir. 1992) (plaintiff claiming non-literal infringement), and the First Circuit&#8217;s decision in <a href="http://www.kuesterlaw.com/borlan2.html">Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int&#8217;l, Inc.</a><em>,</em> 49 F.3d 807, 820 (1st Cir.1995) (plaintiff claiming literal infringement) that criticized the &#8220;abstraction, filtration, comparison&#8221; test for obscuring the fundamental question of whether a work merited copyright protection at all.</div>
<div><span>20-20 presented the court with a list of fifty-four elements that it contended merited copyright protection. The Court found that this allowed it to skip directly to the filtration portion of the &#8220;abstraction, filtration, comparison&#8221; analysis:</span></div>
<blockquote><p><span>Since 20-20 has offered a list of specifically protected elements, this Court need not engage in the abstraction process described in <em>Altai</em> and eschewed in <em>Lotus. See </em><em>MiTek Holdings v. Arce Eng&#8217;g Co.,</em> 89 F.3d 1548, 1555 (11th Cir.1996) (“[I]f the copyright holder presents the court with a list of features that it believes to be protectable &#8230;, the court need not abstract further such features.”); <em>ILOG, Inc. v. Bell Logic,</em> 181 F.Supp.2d 3, 11 (D.Mass.2002) (declining to “abstract” and proceeding to “filter” when parties identified elements of a computer program that were allegedly copied). Nevertheless, sitting in a <em>Lotus</em> position, the Court must read <em>Altai</em> through the lens of <em>Lotus</em> and thus filter out elements based on § 102(b) before filtering on the basis of merger, scenes a faire, or public domain.</span></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>Analysis<br />
</span></span></p>
<p><span>The Court found that many of the elements of the program design did not merit copyright protection when viewed in isolation. The Court however found that a compilation of the individual components, as viewed on the screen display, was protectible. The Court also found that a particular dialog box </span>that enabled users to specify characteristics of kitchen items placed into a design was copyrightable as a compilation of factual information (based on unique selection and arrangement).</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>Individual components that were found to be in the public domain when not evaluated as part of a compilation</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>The sequence of sub-windows on the left side of the screen: information box, edit box, hierarchical catalog box, drag and drop listing, and search box.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>The items in various dialog boxes.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>&#8220;Save as Image&#8221; function.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>A row of command categories on the top of the screen display (File, Edit, View, Place, Project, Design, Notes, Dimensions, Render, Preferences, Window, and Help).</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>The ability to add notes via a dialog box.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Three methods used to add a wall. One of the methods was consisted of using a menu command function; a second, pressing a button on a toolbar.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>An “idiosyncratic” sequence of mouse clicks through which a user could draw walls (regardless of the novelty of the sequence).</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>The ability to terminate a wall sequence through a single left mouse click behind the most recent wall drawn.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>An edit box and default room configuration users can use to create walls.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>A submenu that allows a user to move, rotate, extrude, and delete a wall.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>A dialog box that allows users to modify the appearance of a wall or a placement zone.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>A drop and drag method of placing items such as cabinets; a method through which a user can select an item from a list and click &#8220;place&#8221;; and a method through which a user can input coordinates.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Two means through which a user could resize windows and doors <span>Options for editing countertops, e.g, “Add Bevel,” “Notch,” and “Rotate.”</span></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://senlawoffice.com/software-attorneys/"><img src="http://senlawoffice.com/exclusiverights/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Software-and-technology-attorneys-300x60.jpg" alt="software and technology attorneys" title="Software-and-technology-attorneys" width="300" height="60" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-3720" /></a></p>
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		<title>Apple granted summary judgment on its copyright infringement and DMCA claims against Psystar</title>
		<link>http://senlawoffice.com/exclusiverights/2009/11/apple-granted-summary-judgment-on-its-copyright-infringment-and-dmca-claims-against-psystar/</link>
		<comments>http://senlawoffice.com/exclusiverights/2009/11/apple-granted-summary-judgment-on-its-copyright-infringment-and-dmca-claims-against-psystar/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 13:00:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shourin Sen</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Software]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.exclusiverights.net/?p=2961</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Apple, Inc. v. Psystar Corp., 08-03251 WHA (N.D. Cal. 2009) Apple won a thorough victory on Friday in its suit against Pystar Corp.  Apple distributed its Mac OS X operating system under a license where customers were contractually precluded from using the operating system on non-Apple computers. Psystar modified Apple&#8217;s operating system to run on [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Apple, Inc. v. Psystar Corp., 08-03251 WHA (<a href="http://www.exclusiverights.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/Apple-Inc.-v.-Psystar-Corporation.pdf">N.D. Cal. 2009</a>)</p>
<p>Apple won a thorough victory on Friday in its suit against Pystar Corp.  Apple distributed its Mac OS X operating system under a license where customers were contractually precluded from using the operating system on non-Apple computers. Psystar modified Apple&#8217;s operating system to run on computers that it sold. In the motion at bar, Apple was granted summary judgment on a series of claims, including direct infringement, contributory infringement, and violation of the DMCA. The Court also rejected Psystar&#8217;s 117 defense, copyright and trademark fair use defenses, and copyright misuse defense.</p>
<p>Apple&#8217;s remaining claims left for trial are (1) breach of contract; (2) induced breach of contract, (3) trademark infringement; (4) trademark dilution; (5) trade dress infringement; and (6) state unfair competition under California Business and Professions Code § 17200; and (7) common law unfair competition.</p>
<p><a href="http://senlawoffice.com/copyright/copyright-litigation-attorneys/"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-3726" title="Copyright litigation attorneys" src="http://senlawoffice.com/exclusiverights/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Copyright-litigation-attorneys-300x60.jpg" alt="copyright litigation attorneys" width="300" height="60" /></a></p>
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